Acids
Organic and inorganic acids suitable for a wide variety of laboratory applications. Products are available in solid and liquid forms and in various pH values, quantities, reagent grades, and purities.
Acids are defined as substances that have a sour taste, a low pH (<7), and cause litmus paper to turn red. They also react with bases (yielding water and ionic compounds called salts) and produce hydrogen gas when used to dissolve metals such as zinc and iron.
Chemically, an acid is a molecule or ion that acts as a proton or hydrogen ion donor (Brønsted-Lowry acid) in a non-aqueous solution. In water, acids form hydronium ions (H3O+).
An acid is alternatively defined as a molecule or ion that accepts an electron pair (Lewis acid). One example is trifluoroborane, which has a boron atom capable of accepting an electron pair from ammonia (NH3) to form NH3-BF3.
Common inorganic acids include hydrochloric, sulfuric, nitric, and phosphoric acids. Common organic acids include acetic, benzoic, citric, and lactic acids.
In the laboratory, acids are used as reagents or catalysts in many types of chemical reactions.
Strong acids, such as sulfuric and hydrochloric acid, are highly corrosive and have extensive commercial applications.
- Sulfuric acid is used to process petroleum and minerals and to make other chemicals like nitric acid
- Hydrochloric acid is used to pickle steel and other metals
- Some acids are used as neutralizers to produce salts; for example, ammonium nitrate is produced by the reaction of nitric acid with ammonia
- Many acids are also used in the food and beverage industry
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Gluconic acid, 50 wt% solution in water
CAS: 526-95-4 Molecular Formula: C6H12O7 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 196.155 MDL Number: MFCD00004240 InChI Key: RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N Synonym: gluconic acid,d-gluconic acid,dextronic acid,maltonic acid,glycogenic acid,glosanto,gluconate,pentahydroxycaproic acid,gluconic acid, d,d-gluconate PubChem CID: 10690 ChEBI: CHEBI:33198 IUPAC Name: (2R,3S,4R,5R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoic acid SMILES: C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O
1,3-Dimethylbarbituric acid, 99% (dry wt.), water <6%
CAS: 769-42-6 Molecular Formula: C6H8N2O3 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 156.141 MDL Number: MFCD00006675 InChI Key: VVSASNKOFCZVES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: 1,3-dimethylbarbituric acid,n,n'-dimethylbarbituric acid,2,4,6 1h,3h,5h-pyrimidinetrione, 1,3-dimethyl,1,3-dimethylbarbituricacid,barbituric acid, 1,3-dimethyl,1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6 1h,3h,5h-trione,1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid,1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6 1h,3h,5h-pyrimidinetrione,1,3-dimethyl-2,4,6 1h,3h,5h pyrimidinetrione,1,3-dimethyl-1,3,5-trihydropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione PubChem CID: 69860 IUPAC Name: 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione SMILES: CN1C(=O)CC(=O)N(C1=O)C
Fluoroboric acid, 50 wt% solution in water
CAS: 16872-11-0 Molecular Formula: BF4H Molecular Weight (g/mol): 87.812 MDL Number: MFCD00011345 InChI Key: ODGCEQLVLXJUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-O Synonym: fluoroboric acid,fluoboric acid,tetrafluoroboric acid,hydrogen tetrafluoroborate,borofluoric acid,hydrofluoboric acid,borate 1-, tetrafluoro-, hydrogen,hydron tetrafluoroborate,hydrogen tetrafluoroborate 1-,unii-h429wz9fbq PubChem CID: 28118 ChEBI: CHEBI:38902 IUPAC Name: hydron;tetrafluoroborate SMILES: [H+].[B-](F)(F)(F)F
Sulfuric acid, 96%, extra pure, solution in water
CAS: 7664-93-9 Molecular Formula: H2O4S Molecular Weight (g/mol): 98.07 MDL Number: MFCD00064589 InChI Key: QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: oil of vitriol,sulphuric acid,dihydrogen sulfate,mattling acid,battery acid,dipping acid,acide sulfurique,electrolyte acid,acidum sulfuricum,vitriol brown oil PubChem CID: 1118 ChEBI: CHEBI:26836 IUPAC Name: sulfuric acid SMILES: OS(O)(=O)=O
Hydrochloric acid, ACS reagent, ca. 37% solution in water
CAS: 7647-01-0 Molecular Formula: ClH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 36.46 MDL Number: MFCD00011324 MFCD00792839 InChI Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: hydrochloric acid,hydrogen chloride,muriatic acid,chlorohydric acid,acide chlorhydrique,chlorwasserstoff,spirits of salt,hydrogen chloride hcl,anhydrous hydrochloric acid,chloorwaterstof PubChem CID: 313 ChEBI: CHEBI:17883 SMILES: Cl
Hydrochloric acid, pure, fuming, 37% solution in water
CAS: 7647-01-0 Molecular Formula: ClH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 36.46 InChI Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: hydrochloric acid,hydrogen chloride,muriatic acid,chlorohydric acid,acide chlorhydrique,chlorwasserstoff,spirits of salt,hydrogen chloride hcl,anhydrous hydrochloric acid,chloorwaterstof PubChem CID: 313 ChEBI: CHEBI:17883 SMILES: Cl
Phosphoric acid, ACS reagent, 85+% solution in water
CAS: 7664-38-2 Molecular Formula: H3O4P Molecular Weight (g/mol): 97.994 MDL Number: MFCD00011340 InChI Key: NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: orthophosphoric acid,sonac,o-phosphoric acid,phosphorsaeure,acidum phosphoricum,evits,wc-reiniger,acide phosphorique,white,acido fosforico PubChem CID: 1004 ChEBI: CHEBI:26078 IUPAC Name: phosphoric acid SMILES: OP(=O)(O)O
Thermo Scientific Chemicals L(+)-Lactic acid, 90% solution in water
CAS: 79-33-4 Molecular Formula: C3H6O3 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 90.078 MDL Number: MFCD00064266 InChI Key: JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-REOHCLBHSA-N Synonym: l-lactic acid,l-+-lactic acid,s-2-hydroxypropanoic acid,s-lactic acid,sarcolactic acid,s-2-hydroxypropionic acid,2s-2-hydroxypropanoic acid,+-lactic acid,espiritin,tisulac PubChem CID: 107689 ChEBI: CHEBI:422 IUPAC Name: (2S)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid SMILES: CC(C(=O)O)O
Acetic acid, 50%, solution in water
CAS: 64-19-7 Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 60.05 MDL Number: MFCD00036152 InChI Key: QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: ethanoic acid,ethylic acid,acetic acid, glacial,methanecarboxylic acid,vinegar acid,glacial,acetasol,acide acetique,essigsaeure PubChem CID: 176 ChEBI: CHEBI:15366 IUPAC Name: acetic acid SMILES: CC(O)=O
Perchloric acid, for analysis, ca. 70% solution in water
CAS: 7601-90-3 Molecular Formula: ClHO4 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 100.45 MDL Number: MFCD00011325 InChI Key: VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: unii-v561v90bg2,perchloric acid,perchloric acid acid by mass forbidden,perchloric acid, acs reagent,perchlorsaeure,perchloric acid,ueberchlorsaeure,hyperchloric acid,hclo4 PubChem CID: 24247 ChEBI: CHEBI:29221 IUPAC Name: perchloric acid SMILES: O[Cl](=O)(=O)=O
Hydrobromic acid, for analysis, ca. 48% solution in water
CAS: 10035-10-6 Molecular Formula: BrH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 80.91 MDL Number: MFCD00011323 InChI Key: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: hydrogen bromide,hydrobromic acid,bromwasserstoff,broomwaterstof,bromowodor,acido bromidrico,acide bromhydrique,anhydrous hydrobromic acid,bromowodor polish,hydrobromide PubChem CID: 260 ChEBI: CHEBI:47266 IUPAC Name: hydrogen bromide SMILES: Br
Hydrochloric acid, for analysis, fuming, 37% solution in water
CAS: 7647-01-0 Molecular Formula: ClH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 36.46 MDL Number: MFCD00011324 MFCD00792839 InChI Key: VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: hydrochloric acid,hydrogen chloride,muriatic acid,chlorohydric acid,acide chlorhydrique,chlorwasserstoff,spirits of salt,hydrogen chloride hcl,anhydrous hydrochloric acid,chloorwaterstof PubChem CID: 313 ChEBI: CHEBI:17883 SMILES: Cl
Hydrobromic acid, pure, ca. 48 wt% solution in water
CAS: 10035-10-6 Molecular Formula: BrH Molecular Weight (g/mol): 80.91 MDL Number: MFCD00011323 InChI Key: CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: hydrogen bromide,hydrobromic acid,bromwasserstoff,broomwaterstof,bromowodor,acido bromidrico,acide bromhydrique,anhydrous hydrobromic acid,bromowodor polish,hydrobromide PubChem CID: 260 ChEBI: CHEBI:47266 IUPAC Name: bromane SMILES: Br
Acetic acid, 25%, solution in water
CAS: 64-19-7 Molecular Formula: C2H4O2 Molecular Weight (g/mol): 60.05 MDL Number: MFCD00036152 InChI Key: QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: ethanoic acid,ethylic acid,acetic acid, glacial,methanecarboxylic acid,vinegar acid,glacial,acetasol,acide acetique,essigsaeure PubChem CID: 176 ChEBI: CHEBI:15366 IUPAC Name: acetic acid SMILES: CC(O)=O