Invitrogen™ Human PD-L2 ELISA Kit

Product Code. 15591727

Brand: Invitrogen™ BMS2215TEN

Description

Includes

Aluminium pouch(es) with a Microwell Plate coated with monoclonal antibody to human PD-L2

ELISA

The Human Programmed Death-1 Receptor Ligand (Hu PD-L2) ELISA quantitates Hu PD-L2 in human serum, plasma,cell lysates, or cell culture medium. The assay will exclusively recognize both natural and recombinant Hu PD-L2. Principle of the method The Human PD-L2 solid-phase sandwich ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is designed to measure the amount of the target bound between a matched antibody pair. A target-specific antibody has been pre-coated in the wells of the supplied microplate. Samples, standards, or controls are then added into these wells and bind to the immobilized (capture) antibody. The sandwich is formed by the addition of the second (detector) antibody, a substrate solution is added that reacts with the enzyme-antibody-target complex to produce measurable signal. The intensity of this signal is directly proportional to the concentration of target present in the original specimen. Rigorous validation Each manufactured lot of this ELISA kit is quality tested for criteria such as sensitivity, specificity, precision, and lot-to-lot consistency. See manual for more information on validation.

Programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2), or B7-DC, is a member of the B7 ligand family within the immunoglobulin superfamily that, along with programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), acts as a ligand for programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). Though expressed primarily in dendritic cells, PD-L2 expression can be induced on a wide variety of immune and non-immune cells depending on the microenvironment. PD-L2 expression is particularly upregulated in the presence of Th2 cytokine, IL-4, as well as Th1 cytokines, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma to a lesser degree. While generally expressed at lower levels compared to PD-L1, PD-L2 demonstrates a 2 to 6 times higher relative affinity to PD-1 than PD-L1. PD-1 and its ligands are referred to as inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules in that they provide useful negative feedback during physiological homeostasis. Ligation of PD-L2 or PD-L1 inhibits activation, proliferation, and cytokine secretion (e.g. IFN-gamma, IL-10) in T cells, ultimately dampening immune response. Conversely, studies have shown that PD-L2 can also stimulate T cell proliferation and cytokine production, even in PD-1-deficient T cells, suggesting additional receptors. Recent studies have concluded that PD-L2 also binds to a second receptor, repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb), which was originally identified as a receptor for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). RGMb is expressed in the central nervous system, as well as in macrophages, however, its role in immunity is only beginning to emerge. Interaction between PD-L2 and RGMb regulates the development of respiratory tolerance in the lung through BMP and/or neogenin signaling pathways. The naturally occurring human PD-L2 monomer consists of a 201-amino-acid extracellular domain, a 21-amino-acid transmembrane domain, and a 32-amino-acid cytoplasmic domain.

Specifications

• Assay Range: 39 to 2,500 pg/mL
• Assay Sensitivity: 3.65 pg/mL
• Conjugate: HRP
• Product Type: ELISA
• Sample Type: Cell Lysates, Plasma, Serum, Supernatant
• Target Species: Human
• For Use With (Application): ELISA
• For Use With (Equipment): Colorimetric Microplate Reader
• Gene ID (Entrez): 80380
• Intraassay CV: 4.5
• Kit Contents: Pre-coated 96 well plate, Standard, Sample Diluent, Assay Buffer concentrate, Biotinylated Detection Antibody, SAV-HRP, Wash Buffer, Chromogen, Stop Solution, Controls, Adhesive Plate Covers
• Quantity: 10 x 96 Tests
• Regulatory Status: RUO
• Sample Volume: Cell Lysate 10 μL, Plasma 10 μL, Serum 10 μL, Supernatant 10 μL
• Synonym: PDCD1LG2, B7DC, Btdc, CD273, PD-L2, PDCD1L2, PDL2, bA574F11.2
• Target: CD273 (B7-DC)
• Test Time: 1 hrs 20 mins
• Total Assay Time: 3 hrs 30 mins